Trend improving soccer professional referees performance in west java using psychological skill training and physical fitness

The referee has an important role in football matches. The referee determines the level of fairness in the match so they must be mentally and physically fit. The purpose of this study was to examine the application of psychological skills training and the level of physical fitness to the performance of the referee. Psychological skill exercises used are relaxation, imagery, and relaxation-imagery combination that exist in conditions of high and low physical fitness. This research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method. The research sample consisted of 48 people who were taken using purposive sampling based on the criteria that the referee had a provincial level referee license (Code C2) and has led a provincial level competition. Data collection techniques are through pre-test, post-test and treatment during the study. The data analysis technique used two-way ANOVA analysis followed by the Tukey test. The findings showed that psychological skill training, both relaxation, imagery, or a combination of imagery-relaxation and physical fitness, had a positive effect on the performance of the referee in leading the match. These results have implications for the concept of psychological training for football referees in West Java, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, who had limited access to training in the field. However, this psychological skill training makes it easier to train the referee mentally. © 2021 by authors, all rights reserved.

Design of mobile learning rhythmic gymnastics materials for high school/vocational high school levels as a distance learning media during the covid-19 pandemic

This study used a survey method, collecting data used observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The data analysis technique used in this study is qualitative descriptive statistics. The results of observations of questionnaires and interviews are that;1) There is a need for innovations in designing or developing a media/learning model based on mobile learning that is adapted to the times and technological advances, especially in the subject of rhythmic gymnastics at the high school/vocational high school level so that students can learn independently safely and healthily during the Copid-19 pandemic. 2) Design of mobile learning material for high school/vocational gymnastics is feasible to be used as a media for distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, based on the results of expert validation and field trials, namely;1) the results of the validation of the gymnastics material expert explained that the series of rhythmic gymnastics movements were feasible because they could be applied, 2) the results of the validation by the media expert obtained a value of 80% in the very good category, and 3) the results of the validation of the learning experts were 81% in the very good category. While the results of field trials in both small-scale and large-scale trials, the overall results show that the mobile learning design is attractive, easy to use and students can practice the gymnastics movements that have been developed. This shows that the mobile learning design is suitable for use as a distance learning medium in the high school/vocational high school level rhythmic gymnastics material during the Covid-19 pandemic because the media is easy to use and useful in the learning process so that learning objectives can be achieved properly. © 2021 by authors, all rights reserved.